What does virtualization refer to in computing?

Virtualization in computing refers to the creation of a virtual version of a device or resource. This process allows for the simulation of hardware functionality through software, enabling multiple instances of operating systems or applications to run on a single physical machine. The primary benefits of virtualization include more efficient use of physical hardware, isolation of different environments, and easier manageability of computing resources.

By allowing various virtual instances to operate independently, virtualization facilitates resource allocation, scalability, and flexibility in computing environments. For example, servers can be run as virtual machines, enabling numerous operating systems to coexist on one physical server, thereby reducing costs and improving performance.

The other options do not accurately describe virtualization. While backing up software, integrating hardware with software, or enhancing the use of physical resources are all important aspects of IT management, they do not encapsulate the specific concept of virtualization, which is fundamentally about creating virtual representations of physical entities.